Month: August 2018

The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks fourth amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during an armed conflict.

Airforce is upholding this rank due to its strong wire and cable system. Wires and cables are the carriers of loads of information. Hence are responsible for the smooth functioning and proper communication within forces. Effective communication is vital to any mission’s success, so it’s essential to any system have the means to do so.

Wires and cables work through the signal system. Signaling in any air force system plays an important role. All the air crafts are connected to the air force base through this signaling system. The various actions are taken place depending upon the signals received. The signals are transmitted through the different types of wires and cables. They include Coaxial cables, Fibre Optic cables, Jelly filled cables, Armored cables, Non-armored cables, Kapton wires, Poly-X wires, Teflon wires, etc.

The traditional types of cables used in air force are mostly Armored Cables (AC) and Metal-Clad Cables (MC).  Their flexible metal armor provides mechanical protection to the electrical conductors while enabling them to bend around corners. The cables are pre-wired at the factory eliminating the need to pull conductors into a raceway, which in turn greatly reduces the possibility of conductor damage. AC & MC cable does the job in less space, with fewer bending restrictions as well as less cutting and connecting than most other wiring products.

Armored cables feature some type of metal sheath that is the first layer of armor. It is usually made of interlocking or continuous aluminum or stainless steel, or it can be covered in smooth or corrugated metal tape. Metal-clad cables are typically galvanized steel or aluminum interlocking cable.

Armored and Metal-clad cables are installed specially for providing protection. But do they provide protection from pests? The answer is no and here are some of the pieces of evidence.

How One Nuclear Missile Base Is Battling Ground Squirrels

In Montana, squirrels have been tunneling under a base’s fences and setting off intruder alarms, prompting researchers to strengthen its defenses

By Joseph Stromberg, SMITHSONIAN.COM, August 30, 2013

Malmstrom Air Force Base, in Western Montana, is home to 150 Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles, each tipped with a nuclear warhead.

In recent years, the base has been dealing with an enemy so relentless that they’ve been forced to call in outside help to defend against it. That fearsome enemy is a species of rodent known as Richardson’s ground squirrel.

The squirrels, each about a foot long and 1-2 pounds, dig extensive underground tunnel networks (they’ve been known to excavate tunnel systems more than 30 feet in length).

“Anything that breaches the perimeter fence will set off the motion detector,” says Gary Witmer of the National Wildlife Research Center, the latter a USDA-funded organization that deals with human-animal conflicts and was called in to help at Malmstrom.

Additionally, over time, the rodents have started damaging the base’s physical infrastructure. “They’re burrowing under foundations, undermining road beds and gnawing on cables,” Witmer says.

Rats on a plane! Aircraft carrying 200 passengers overrun with stowaway rodents is grounded amid fears they would chew through electrical wires

By Chris Kitching

PUBLISHED: 16:13 BST, 6 August 2014 | UPDATED: 17:21 BST, 6 August 2014

The aircraft’s crew noticed the rodent stowaways scurrying free in the rear half of the cabin as the plane, carrying about 200 passengers and staff, landed at New Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport from Calcutta.

After flight AI021 landed safely and pulled up to the gate, the crew cleared everyone off the Airbus A321 and had it taken out of service, the Times of India reported. Rats! This is at least the third time in the last five years rodents have been found on an Air India flight

Normally, the plane would have been prepared for the next flight, but it was taken to a remote bay to be fumigated in an effort to exterminate the vermin.

The discovery of rats in the cabin may seem like a comical end to a flight but the tiny intruders risked throwing the plane into complete chaos, as they posed a serious threat to the safety of the passengers and crew.

An unnamed official told the Times of India: ‘Rats on board an aircraft can lead to a catastrophe if they start chewing up electric wires of a fly by wire plane. ‘If that happens, pilots will have no control over any system on board leading to a disaster.’

An Air India official, speaking on condition of anonymity, told Agence France-Presse rats on planes are a ‘common phenomenon’ worldwide and they could ‘get in anywhere’, although they normally sneak onto aircraft via catering vehicles loaded with food.

Hence though they may seem harmless; insects, rodents, and birds can significantly impair the operations on an Air Force base. It’s the responsibility of Pest Management specialists to take the necessary actions to control and prevent pest infestations. We need to do everything from keeping bases free of pests that could carry debilitating infectious diseases to repelling birds from airfields to ensure safe takeoff and landings, protection of health and safety of everyone on base.

For the complete protection from pest infestation, we provide a permanent solution. We at  C Tech Corporation have come up with an effective solution. The products are developed with a base of green technology. We have Rodrepel^TM , an extremely low toxicity, and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly, non-dangerous and environmentally safe rodent repellent.

Our product is available in the form of a masterbatch, which can be directly incorporated in the application while manufacturing and in form of lacquer that can be directly applied as a top coat on the surface of application. Rodrepel^TM does not kill but only keeps the rodents away by making use of their sensory mechanisms.

The product functions from a distance due to the peculiar smell which generates a typical fear response in rodents. Rodents are further restricted from biting the applications treated with our products due to advanced mechanisms like dermal irritation, extremely bitter taste, sensory stimuli modification etc.

Further, they acquire a fear towards the Rodrepel^TM containing products which make them stay away from the application. Thus, Rodrepel^TM actually helps in modifying rodent behavior. Rodents being social animals also communicate the bad experience to their population in the vicinity. Hence by using Rodrepel^TM one can have a long-term solution. We at  C Tech Corporation are committed to our environment & we believe that no harm must be caused to animals or to the environment.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

Just imagine a beautiful Sunday afternoon, with no one to disturb, you are enjoying your favorite TV series while lounging on a comfy couch. What more could one wish for?

But heaven forbid, if this perfect setting is ruined by a sudden and unanticipated power cut, know that it’s mischief of a little ninja trying to experiment its weapons on your TV cable, leaving you with nothing but exasperation!!!

While there are many causes for power outages ranging from fallen branches to cable failure, but believe it or not, a well-co-ordinated rodent assault can be undoubtedly accused guilty in disrupting and frustrating thousands of people at a time, switching off our electrified lives for hours.  Their cute and furry façade often masks their propensity of gnawing on underground cables, and on top of it, these little nut eaters continue showing no sign of penitence for their wrongdoing!!!

Well-known rodent like squirrels, characterized by two pairs of unremittingly growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws are doubtlessly causing havoc in the telecommunication arena.

Squirrels, otherwise known for their robust bodies, short limbs, and long tails, have topped the list in posing a great threat to our electrical grids!!! Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, consisting of small or medium-sized rodents. They are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. Like all rodents, squirrels have four incisors that grow continuously throughout their life.

Apart from crunchy nuts and fresh berries, these little invaders prefer nibbling on the aerial cable routes, thus damaging them along with increased maintenance expenses. They chew up the copper wires from metallic cables as well as fibers from optical cables. Damage to these fibers optic cables can cause shut down vital communication links to airports, emergency services, and Nuclear power facilities. Therefore protecting these ‘information canals’ has an ever-increasing significance.

In this battle of network vs. squirrels, even the transformers do not get an exemption. Squirrels burrow their way into transformers for the same reason they enter rotting cavities of aging trees: hollow spaces offer them den sites and safety from predators.

One might wonder the need for these notorious mammals being so interested in closely exploring the cables, even when these cables don’t suit their palate? The answer is simple; Most of the time squirrels gnaw to fulfill a portion of their dietary habits – opening hard-shelled nuts. If, however, squirrels do not have an adequate dietary reason or opportunity to exercise their incisors, there is a danger of the teeth “overgrowing”. In these cases, the incisors can prevent the squirrel’s mouth from closing (severely restricting its ability to eat), or the teeth may actually cause injury to the animal, including puncturing the roof of the mouth. If squirrels have need of wearing down their incisors, and there are no other hard substances nearby, they will gnaw on cable. Cable components such as polyethylene and aluminum shielding handily meet the needs of squirrels in the neighborhood when it comes to oral maintenance.

• Squirrel Causes Power Outage in Bartlesville
  15^th May 2016,NewsOn6.com, Bartlesville, USA

 Public Service of Oklahoma reports a problem with a squirrel caused power outages in some parts of Bartlesville. Spokesperson Tiffini Jackson said the squirrel got into a transmission line which overloaded an underground line. That caused a feeder station to go out. At its peak, about 2,000 customers were without electricity. PSO was able to re-route, and that number was down to under 700 customers around 9 a.m., according to Jackson. Power was restored before 11 a.m. The squirrel did not survive.

·         Squirrel blamed for Southgate School power outage in Kennewick
9^th May 2016, Tri City Herald, Kennewick

A squirrel is to blame for a power and internet outage in central Kennewick on Monday morning. The outage happened near Morain Street and North 19th Avenue and knocked out power to Southgate Elementary School, the Sun Meadows Mobile Home Park and neighboring homes.

·         Squirrel causes power outage

10^th May 2016, The Gaffney Ledger, USA

Another bushy-tailed, nut-loving menace wreaked havoc on the Board of Public Works’ electrical grid. A squirrel squirmed into the Suez Street substation, causing a 90-minute outage at Gaffney High before meeting an untimely death.

According to Cyber Squirrel’s data, till the year 2015 there have been about 714 squirrel related power outages.

It’s high time now, to show these cyber terrorists that we humans are capable in combating their continuous attacks. For this we require a long-term and sure shot solution that would keep these away from optical and metallic cables, thus preventing any further losses.

C Tech Corporation can offer a solution to overcome the damage caused by squirrels. Rodrepel™ is a non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-carcinogenic and environmentally safe, anti-rodent additive. The masterbatch of Rodrepel™ can be incorporated in wires and cables and other polymeric applications. Rodrepel™ lacquer can be added to paints which can be applied to the already installed cables.

Rodrepel^TM does not kill but repel. It is engineered using a unique set of complex compounds. It follows 6 pronged strategy which is extremely effective on rodents like squirrel, rat, beaver, gopher, paca, marmot etc.

Rodrepel™ is cost-effective, inert, and thermally stable and does not degrade on exposure to heat and sunlight. It does not volatilize and does not degrade in the soil.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

 

“Hey brother, have you checked out this new restaurant at St. Martin Street? Let’s check out their pantry today” this could be one of the normal day to day conversations that rodents have.

But how do they communicate? How does an aged rat share his words of wisdom with his grandchildren; how do rats have their intense discussions on the potential spots for harborage and food for their family. Of course, they do not have 6500 types of languages as we do. Then how do they pass on the information that they gather? Let us decode the secret that these “telepathic rats” use to transmit messages.

Rats are blessed with a very strong sense of smell and taste. They have about 500 to 1000 types of olfactory receptors, coded for by between 500 and 1,000 genes, and one out of every 100 genes is involved in the detection of odors. The rat’s sense of smell registers not only average scents but also the presence of chemicals that denote a change in atmosphere or emotion.

The journey of any odorant dispersed in the air begins by first passing through a patch of skin rich with smell receptors and olfactory neurons, which are tipped with hair-like cilia. Smell particles bind to the cilia. From here the odorant makes its way to the olfactory bulbs where they meet about 2000 baskets like structures called ‘glomeruli’. The journey ends with the activation of glomeruli which results in giving a perception of smell to the rat. Different patterns of glomeruli are activated when a rat smells different odors.

Now to communicate information amongst each other rodents make use of their second type of sense organ known as the Vomeronasal organ (VNO), which primarily detects ‘pheromones’, the chemical signals transmitted between members of the same species. Pheromones are mainly found in rat’s excreta, urine and also in any other glandular secretions.

For example, consider a case of automobiles. If a rat finds a car suitable and safe for shelter, hiding or for storing food, mice living hundreds of miles away will gain this knowledge through pheromones. The little critter simply marks the car with a peculiar scent. So even if you get rid of a rat today, there is always a possibility of future infestations due to this internal communication between them.

Another very interesting phenomenon observed in rats is their way of carrying forwarding valuable information to the coming generations for dealing with many difficult situations they need to face.

For example, every rat’s environment is filled with many potential foods and with many non-consumable foods like poisons, rocks, plastics and so forth. Then how does the rat figure out what to eat?

Before birth: In utero, fetal rats detect odor-bearing particles that come from their mother’s diet and cross the placental barrier. Shortly after birth, newborn rats respond positively to these foods. Therefore, they start learning about what to eat from their mother before they’re even born.

During nursing: Nursing rats receive information about their mother’s diet through her milk. They prefer the foods she ate during lactation.

Weaning: When young rats are weaning and eating solid foods for the first time, they use adult rats as guides. They forage where the adults are foraging or where adults have previously scent-marked.

Adolescence and adulthood: When rats forage on their own, their food choices are influenced by social interactions that may take place far away from foraging sites. They smell foods on the fur, whiskers and especially the breath of other rats and strongly prefer the foods that those rats had consumed.

Also, a study conducted by neuroscientists at Emory University found that fear can travel quickly through generations of mice DNA

In the experiment, researchers taught male mice to fear the smell of cherry blossoms by associating the scent with mild foot shocks. Two weeks later, they bred with females. The resulting pups were raised to adulthood having never been exposed to the smell.

Yet when the critters caught a whiff of it for the first time, they suddenly became anxious and fearful. They were even born with more cherry-blossom-detecting neurons in their noses and more brain space devoted to cherry-blossom-smelling.

The memory transmission extended out another generation when these male mice bred, and similar results were found.

Rats cause huge damages in many areas like automobiles, agriculture, electronics, gas sector, hotel industries etc. The loss is even more due to their ability to transmit information amongst each other regarding the vulnerable targets to attack. Thus we need a solution.

At  C Tech Corporation we make use of the mother nature’s gift of senses to these rodents in formulating an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and environmental products which act as repellants and do not kill.

Rodrepel^TM  is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly rodent aversive. Rodrepel^TM is available in form of masterbatches, liquid concentrate and lacquer and is specially designed for polymeric applications. It can be incorporated into nearly all base polymers like HDPE, MDPE, LDPE, PVC, PE, etc.

The mechanism followed by our product is repellence, it affects their olfactory senses and prevents them from attacking the substrate and also does not aid in killing the target species. The product does not interfere with the working of the end application it is used in. It is stable at high temperatures; does not leach out or produce any toxic fumes and has a long shelf life.

In a relaxation showdown, trains are doubtlessly the most laidback style of travel, allowing us to sit back, relax, and enjoy the picturesque view. Luckily, some of the world’s most beautiful destinations are also home to the most scenic train rides. What a great way to rejuvenate! But what if notorious co-passengers like rats, bedbugs, and cockroaches also wish to accompany us? It would not take long for an ecstatic train ride to transform into a grisly nightmare!

Though Indian Railways are known for taking strict measures against freeloaders, hundreds of rats are traveling across the countryside, without a ticket.

Rats, the little devils in disguise, have a single pair of unremittingly growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. Most of the time rats gnaw to fulfill a portion of their dietary habits. If, however, rats do not have an adequate dietary reason or opportunity to exercise their incisors, there is a danger of the teeth “overgrowing”. In these cases, the incisors can prevent their mouth from closing (severely restricting their ability to eat), or the teeth may actually cause injury to the animal, including puncturing the roof of the mouth. The smooth texture, sweet odor and bright color of cables attract them. The railway sector has to bear huge economic losses, solely due to rats gnawing and damaging cables.

Rail cabling holds vital data within it and is responsible for controlling the signaling infrastructure of its railways. Damage to these cables could cause electrical short circuits, incorrect signals, miscommunications, and fires. July 2014 saw a collision in South Western France between a high-speed TGV and Regional train leaving 40 passengers badly injured, all because of a signal malfunction created by rat activity. 

Rodents are a nuisance for the passengers traveling in trains especially in A.C. coaches. The number of complaints of rats scurrying around pantry cars of long-distance trains is on the rise.

Some latest news rodent menace in Railways coaches

1. Rats on board AC coaches of Kerala trains

Published on: Jul 6, 2015, 04.15 AM IST

With travelers often complaining of the rat menace on trains from the coastal state, a city-based cultural body of Malayalees plans to ask people to carry traps along to combat the rodent problem. The latest person at the receiving end is a Thane couple who traveled in an air-conditioned coach of 16346 Netravati express from Kerala to Thane on Saturday. The rodents, they said, had damaged their luggage and food packets. Complaints to officials on board fell on deaf ears.

2. Rattled Passengers Complain To Railway Ministry about Rat Menace on Trains

Published on: Aug 03, 2015 at 17:57

The Indian Railways acknowledged on August 3, that it has a major rat problem. “Yes, some complaints and references are being received regarding the presence of rats in coaches,” Union Minister of State for Railways Manoj Sinha said in a written reply in Lok Sabha.

3. Rattled in AC first class, couple claims Rs 10 lakh compensation

Published on: Jan 06, 2016 18:21 IST, Hindustan Times, Ranchi

A Ranchi couple has claimed Rs 10 lakh as compensation for alleged rat bites in the AC first class compartment of a Kolkata-bound train.

PC Sinha (72) and his wife Alka Sinha (62) were traveling in Kriya Yoga Express from Ranchi to Howrah on December 30 last year. Around midnight, Sinha, a retired chief engineer in Bokaro Steel Limited, was allegedly bitten by rodents and had to take rabies vaccines after reaching Kolkata.

Rodents not only target our coach interiors, but they can also affect our trains in other ways. Let us see a few articles below;

1. Railway spends Rs 10 crore to get rid of rats at Delhi stations

Published on: India TV News Desk Updated 07 Dec 2015

Irritated over the menace of rats in large railways stations such as New Delhi, Delhi, Hazrat Nizamuddin, and Sarai Rohila, authorities had chalked out a plan of Rs 10 crore, hiking its Rs 6 crore expenditure of previous year.

2. Rattled: Rodents derail trains in Jharkhand’s rebel hotbed
   Published on: Nov 24, 2015, Hindustan Times, India

In Jharkhand’s Maoist hotbed Palamu, railway authorities are fighting a new enemy, literally armed to the teeth – rats. Colonies of rodents which have made a home under the tracks have been cited as the reason for at least three train derailments at the Daltonganj railway station in one year.

There is an urgent need for a sustainable solution to combat these unremitting rodent attacks resulting in inconvenience to the passengers as well as causing high economic losses.

C Tech Corporation can offer a solution to this problem. Our products Rodrepel^TM is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly rodent aversive. It is available in the form of masterbatches which can be directly incorporated in the polymer matrix during processing of wires and cables. This would be an efficient way of deterring the rodents from chewing the cables and wires and thus negate the possibility of a short circuit. Gruesome accidents like the above can thus be avoided.

Rodrepel^TM is also available in lacquer form and can be applied directly on the outside as well as inside of the railway coaches. These products can effectively control the proliferation of these undesired rodents.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
2] https://twitter.com/termirepel
3] https://twitter.com/combirepel

Remember Remy from Ratatouille, a rat who simply adored food and its quality. Blessed with a strong sense of smell, his knowledge of food allowed him to identify different ingredients in a dish and cook many mouth-watering dishes.

However in a real-life scenario, a rat sighted in a restaurant or bar area, or worse in a guest room, could severely damage the hotel’s reputation and result in the loss of customers. Also, severe infestations could even cause the health department to shut down the establishment temporarily or even permanently.

Hotels are vulnerable to rat infestation due to several reasons.

Hotels and restaurants prove to be the best places for rats to explore new delicacies! They find food almost everywhere, in the kitchen area, in the garbage and even on the leftover trays. This causes contamination of food items which results in the transmission of various diseases. Also, these four-legged mammals are commonly encountered near the trashcans and waste containers outside the hotels.

Rats are always in search of warmth. They are unable to regulate their body temperatures, unlike other mammals. Thus rats are very much attracted to the laundry areas in hotels. The constant heat of the dryers provides ample warmth for rats, and the linens supply numerous places for nesting.

All rats need moisture to survive. They need about 15-30 ml of free-standing water each day. Thus they find water sources around perspiring soda and ice machines, leaky pipes, and HVAC units and around water fountains in hotels, which in turn increases their infestation. In garden areas, the burrowing activities, especially of bandicoot rats, can create additional damage and cost

Power outages in hotels are the worst things to happen. And many a time’s rodents are found to be the culprits for these. Rodents are blessed with a single pair of continuously growing incisors. Apart from fulfilling their dietary requirements, these little nibblers continuously need to gnaw on something or the other, to avoid overgrowing of teeth. Electrical wirings, insulations top rodent’s snack list due to their smooth texture, bright colors and also the odor that they exude.

Rats mainly invade through windows and doors in hotels and restaurants. However, holes and cracks around doors, windows, vents and utility penetrations can also be the potential entry points for them. Their flexible body structure allows them to get access through the tiniest of openings.

Let us have a look at some cases where rodent infestation has led to restaurant closure

• Family Dollar closed due to ‘heavy rat infestation’
  By Zoe Zellers, December 30 2015, Fox 45 News, Baltimore

The public is being notified that a family Dollor store has been shut down by city officials after an inspection revealed heavy rat infestation.

Councilman Brandon Scott says that the decision to close the store “shows why it was critically important for us to pass the legislation that now allows the public to be properly notified.”

No complaints were made, but a routine inspection led officials to discover a heavy rat infestation and unsanitary conditions.

• Restaurant Inspections: 100 Rodent Droppings, Roaches, Dirty Floors
  By Sherri Lonon, January 5, 2016, Florida

The state of Florida issued several temporary shutdown orders at Tampa Bay eateries last week.

Roach activity, evidence of rodents was among the biggest reasons behind the temporary closings.

• Bullring Burger King operators fined £12,000 over mice infestation

      By Matt Cannon, January 7 2016, Birmingham Mail, Birmingham

Birmingham fast food restaurant fined after environmental officers discovered mouse droppings discovered in the food preparation and storage areas

The operators of the Burger King in the Bullring have been fined over a mice infestation at the restaurant.

Environmental officers forced the temporary closure of the establishment last year after they discovered evidence of the rodents during a routine inspection on February 2, 2015, and a follow-up visit two days later.

Birmingham City Council said its officers found mouse droppings in the food preparation and storage areas, as well as evidence of inadequate cleaning and food exposed to the risk of contamination. The restaurant was allowed to reopen after officers were satisfied sufficient pest control work had been carried out and the “imminent risk of injury to health” had been removed.

These uninvited guests are undoubtedly posing a severe threat in the hotel industry. In order to avoid this nuisance caused by rodents, there is an urgent requirement of a solution to this problem.

C Tech Corporation  can offer a solution to this problem. Our product  Rodrepel^TM is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly rodent aversive. This product acts through a series of highly developed intricate mechanisms ensuring that rodents are kept away from the target application.  Rodrepel^TM is available in liquid concentrate which can be diluted in paints as well as in lacquer form. These products can be directly applied in the kitchen, laundry areas etc. to avoid damages due to rodents.

Rodents are ubiquitous. They are encountered in almost every sector of life such as telecommunication, automobile, railways, aviation and so on. Likewise, rodent infestation is, unfortunately, a common problem on planes around the world. Air journeys make it easier for the rodents to travel to countries and continents where there may not have any natural predators. Also, there is a high possibility of disseminating new diseases to the various countries they travel.

Rodents tend to board an aircraft through open doors and access panels, when it is parked for a relatively long period of time either in the hangar or on the apron, especially during the night when human activity is reduced. Also, they have been observed entering the aircraft during loading of catering trolleys and cargos.

Rodents usually cause damage by gnawing on the wirings and cables of airplanes. Rodents are blessed with two pairs of continuously growing incisors. In order to keep these incisors sharp and to avoid their overgrowth, these notorious mammals continuously gnaw on something hard, like wires and cables.

For a safe flight, there are various navigation sensors and aircraft flight control systems fitted in an aircraft. The advent of “fly by wire” and electro-actuated flight surfaces (rodenther than the traditional hydraulics) has massively increased safety. To supplement air traffic control many aircraft use TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System). To help avoid collisions with terrains, the aircraft use systems like GPWS (Ground Proximity Warning System) often combined with a Radar altimeter. To assist aircraft flying at night or in instrument meteorological conditions weather radars and lightning detectors are used. One can just imagine the catastrophic situation in case of loss of control due to the failure of one of these systems. Hundreds of lives are at stake. Reason? It is the gnawing of rodents on the communication, navigation cables and wires thus paralyzing the airplane.

• Let us have a look at a few recent incidences where many flights have been diverted due to rodents on board!

• Rats on flight, AI Dreamliner grounded

April 4, 2016, TOI, India

One of Air India’s Dreamliners has an unwelcome tenant. Spotted off and on, the rat has disrupted flights at least thrice this month. The aircraft (VT-ANV) took off from Melbourne as AI309 just before 6 am (India time). After flying for about six hours, the rat was sighted and the aircraft diverted to Singapore where it landed after 1 pm. The plane has been grounded there and AI was making alternate arrangements to fly the passengers to Delhi. “Rodents on board can lead to a catastrophe if they start chewing up electric wires. If that happens, pilots will have no control over any system, leading to a disaster,” a senior commander said. The aircraft, worth Rs 1,500 crore (at current prices), has been fumigated repeatedly and rodent traps have been laid but there is no shooing away the rodent.

• Rats on a plane! Packed passenger jet bound for London forced to make mid-air diversion after rodent spotted in the cabin

December 30, 2015, Mail Online

A plane carrying 240 passengers en route to London from India was forced to return to Mumbai when a rat was spotted in the cabin.

Air India flight 131 was flying over Tehran in Iran, heading to Heathrow, earlier this morning when the passengers raised the alarm. The pilot took the decision to turn the plane around to land back in Mumbai.

Rodents are also responsible for transmitting serious vector diseases to humans, either directly or indirectly via fleas.

So is there any solution for this rodent menace?? Do tedious processes like fumigation and use of rodent traps really help? The reality is that these conventional methods are proving to be ineffective in managing the rodents. So the question is what can be done to discourage these notorious rodents from causing further on-board damages.

We at C Tech Corporation have come up with a solution to this problem. Our product Rodrepel^TM  is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly rodent aversive. This product acts through a series of highly developed intricate mechanism ensuring that rodents are kept away from the target application. The product is compliant with RoHS, RoHS2, and REACH and is FIFRA exempted. We do not aim at disturbing the ecosystem designed by nature. Our eco-friendly products do not kill the target species but only repel them.

The products are available in the form of solid masterbatches which can be incorporated as a polymer additive in the sheathing of wires and cables used in various sensitive equipment in an airplane to make it rodent resistant. Also, the food lockers and other vulnerable areas to damage can be coated with our lacquer based solutions. Our products have a long shelf life. Thus Rodrepel^TM is definitely an effective solution for controlling and managing the problems and threat posed by rodents in airplanes.

Rodents are one of the most important vertebrate pests which directly and indirectly cause distress to the production of crops and storage of grains. Rodents cause severe damage to various crops by gnawing, spoilage, contamination and hoarding activities. The effects of rodent damage cause a huge amount of crop losses and food shortages in many parts of the world. Rodents cause millions of dollars in damages to field crops, stored grain and farm equipment each year. In addition, they are the major carrier for more than 60 diseases that are transmissible to humans, companion animals, and livestock.

In Asia alone, annual food losses due to rodents would be enough to feed 200 million people each year. Rice pre-harvest losses are estimated to be between 5-10% in most Asian countries, however, in some countries, it is expected to be significantly higher, such as Indonesia where yield loss estimates are around 19% which is the equivalent of enough grain to feed 39 million more Indonesians. However, the destruction caused by rodents on a localized level can be devastating where rodent outbreaks can wipe out entire harvests and lead to famine like conditions.

While there are different causes of rodent outbreaks, all lead to a situation whereby there are higher than normal amounts of available food which rodents has access to. Rodent outbreaks have been categorized as being cyclical or evolutional, climatic, or anthropogenic Rodent outbreaks which occur due to natural cycles include the masting or flowering of plants such as bamboo. In 2007, many poor rural communities in India, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Laos PDR were affected by such events and required food aid.

Unusual climatic events such as heavy rainfall early in the wet season or flash floods and cyclones can cause rodent outbreaks. Heavy rainfall before the beginning of the crop season, for instance, can allow the rodents’ breeding season to begin earlier due to better than usual food supply, therefore, the breeding season is extended which increases rodent numbers in the fields.

The third cause of rodent outbreaks is due to the management of cropping systems whereby there is an anthropogenic response to an extreme climatic event or market forces. The expansion of cropping areas and the intensification of cropping systems increasing the number of crop seasons per year are seen as major inducers of anthropogenic rodent outbreaks.

Let us look at some recent news articles pertaining to rodent damage in the agricultural sector.

Rodents destroy crops in district, paddy worst-hit
May 20, 2015, TOI, India

MADURAI: Rodent infestation is causing severe damage to crops across the district, specifically in paddy fields where the damage is estimated to be the highest.

Entomologists said 4.6 to 54% of paddy crops were lost due to rat infestation. The ‘bandicota bengalensis’ variety of rats is the most common troublemaker, found in crop and residential areas alike. These usually thrive in wetland areas. Another species ‘millardia meltada’ is mostly found in dry land areas.

Assistant professor of entomology at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Usha Rani said, “You know there is a rat problem when the seeds on the planting or the rice tillers, which are grain-bearing branches formed on the base of the plant, are eaten. Rice panicle, which is a kind of flower seen on the top part of the plant, will also be missing.”

“Rodents stock about 0.5kg to 4kg of grain in their burrows in special chambers,” she added.

The rodent problem has been severe in Chellampatti and surrounding areas of the district. Crops are usually damaged when it is about 45 days old. “The maximum damage is caused to rice crops. The rodents cut the seedling in patches,” said farmer from Chellapatti area D Pandiarajan.

Rodents play havoc with paddy ryots
August 4, 2016, TOI, India

Guntur: For J Venkata Rao, a paddy grower from Ponnur mandal in the district, the last couple of years had not been great in terms of returns. While he lost his investment due to lack of adequate rainfall in 2014, rodents ate away a part of his field last year.

This year too, as Kharif season began, he is anxious as he is yet to find an effective method to eradicate the rodents.

“As soon as the transplantation of the crop begins every year, I spend sleepless nights. I grow paddy on 2 acres and I lose about six bags of the crop due to rodents,” he lamented.

Let us now look at some current methods that are used to control the rodent menace in the agricultural sector, particularly in rice fields. Throughout South and Southeast Asia studies have shown that rodents are the number one pest or the pest which causes the most damage to the rice yields. The most common technique used to control the damage caused by rodents is the use of rodenticides. However, studies show that many rodenticides have adverse effects on the health of the farmers. Rodenticides and pesticides also are responsible for the environmental degradation by polluting the soil and ground water reserves. These rodenticides also kill the non-target beneficial species like bees, earthworms etc.

So the question that arises is what should we use? This question has been answered by CTech Corporation’s Rodrepel^TM . Rodrepel^TM  is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly product of C Tech Corporation  that helps to keep rodents at bay. Rodrepel^TM  does not kill the animal, it only repels them! In fact, it is completely safe for the target as well as non-target species. This innovative product, in masterbatch form, can be incorporated with the drip tapes, tubes, pipes, agricultural films, mulches. The product does not leach out, thus preventing soil pollution. Groundwater reserves are also not polluted. Also, the non-target beneficial species like earthworms, bees etc are not affected.

Our product in lacquer form can be coated over tree guards, fences, various PVC surfaces etc. which would ensure complete protection against these creatures. Our products provide a safe and environmentally friendly solution to avoid rodent infestation in agriculture.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
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As if wild boars and other animals were not enough, now we have to protect ourselves and our young ones from newfound threats like rats!

Rats primarily viewed as annoying little furry animals have fast turned themselves into a force to reckon with to the extent of being life-threatening.

In the recent past, there has been a slew of cases where encounters with rodents have culminated into life-threatening situations.

Below are two such incidents reported in newspapers worldwide which brought to our attention the extent of damage a measly rodent could do.

Giant rats eat two babies in South Africa townships in separate attacks

UPDATED: 10:46 GMT, 3 June 2011

• ‘I can’t forget how ugly my child looked after her eyes were ripped out’ says dead baby’s mother
• The rats can grow up to three-foot long

 

Giant rats as big as cats have killed and eaten two babies in separate attacks in South Africa’s squalid townships this week.

 Lunathi Dwadwa, three, was killed as she slept in her parent’s shack in the Khayelitsha slum outside Cape Town and another girl was killed in Soweto township near Johannesburg the same day.

 Little Lunathi was sleeping on a makeshift bed on the floor of her family’s breeze block and corrugated iron home on Sunday night when she died. Her puzzled parents didn’t even hear her scream.

 When her mother discovered her lifeless body, she saw that her daughter’s eyes had been gouged out.

Bukiswa Dwadwa, 27, said: ‘I can’t forget how ugly my child looked after her eyes were ripped out.

 ‘She was eaten from her eyebrows to her cheeks, her other eye was hanging by a piece of flesh.’

Her father Mncedisi Mokoena said police told him: ‘Nothing could have done that but rats’

 And today police revealed that a baby girl died in the Soweto township when she was attacked by rats while her teenage mother was out with friends.

 ‘We were called to the scene of the death of an infant due to a rat attack on Monday morning at around 9am,’ said police officer Bongani Mhlongo.

 ‘The mother of the child was arrested on charges of culpable homicide and negligence.’

 The deaths appear to be part of a spate of deadly rat attacks in the country.

 Last month, 77-year-old grandmother Nomathemba Joyi died after giant rats chewed off the right side of her face.

 Residents of South Africa’s impoverished townships say the giant rats grow up to three-foot long, including their tails, and have front teeth over an inch long.

 The suspects in the baby attacks are believed to be African Giant Pouched Rats, a species only distantly related to UK rats, but native to sub-Saharan Africa – and the biggest in the world.

 They are nocturnal, omnivorous and can produce up to 50 young a year. Some tribal people breed them for food.

 They thrive in the townships’ filthy conditions and feast on residents’ uncollected rubbish.

These clueless parents have lost their children to a low life like a rodent! To die in such young age and in this manner is a death that one would wish for even for an enemy.

In yet another horrifying incident a young mother recounts how her 16-month old beautiful daughter was savaged by a giant rat as the youngster slept in her cot.

 

Giant rat attack horror: Baby savaged by foot-long rodent as she slept in cot

16 Nov 2012 19:10

Her panic-stricken mum rushed into the 16-month-old’s room after hearing screams and found her covered in blood with deep bite marks

 Ordeal: Mum Lindsey found baby Lolly covered in blood and a rat scurrying around the flat

A horrified mum told today how her toddler daughter was savaged by a giant rat as the youngster slept in her cot.

Panic-stricken Lindsey Molyneux rushed into 16-month-old Lolly’s room after hearing her screams and found her covered in blood with deep bite marks to her hand.

Husband Michael later photographed the foot-long rodent scurrying around the family’s one-bedroom flat.

Mum-of-two Lindsey said the beast, which they nicknamed Ratzilla, had also gnawed through terrified Lolly’s pyjama bottoms.

The 30-year-old said she had just settled down to watch I’m a Celebrity after putting Lolly and her twin sister Lily to bed when she heard her crying on the baby monitor.

Lindsey added: “I went in because I didn’t want her to wake Lily.

“She was shaking and I thought maybe she was just having one of her nightmares.

“She threw up on my shoulder so I walked her out of the bedroom, holding her over my left shoulder, sat her down on the floor on the kitchen and as I started to strip her I saw all the blood because I hadn’t seen it in the bedroom as it was dark.

“I just started screaming, I tried not to swear but every swear word was coming out.

“I screamed, ‘She’s bleeding, she’s bleeding.’ I couldn’t see where she was bleeding from then I suddenly saw her hand, you could just see that the blood was gushing out from there.

“The only way I could describe it is we were just befuddled, we just could not figure out what had happened.

“We’ve got no pets and there’s nothing around her bed that could do that.”

After managing to stop the bleeding, Lindsey called NHS Direct to see if they had any ideas.

Just then the huge rat raced past her, giving her the shock of her life.

She said: “I was on the phone to the nurse. I saw it at the door and it was about a foot long.

 “I went around the patio door, opened up the front door and as soon as I opened it up its legged it. You could clearly see it was a rat, the size of it was massive.”

A&E doctors confirmed it was a rat bite. Lindsey said her GP did not believe her story until she showed him the footage of the rodent.

Little Lolly received treatment for the bite and is recovering well.

The couple has since disinfected and cleaned their entire house in Camden, North London.

Council pest control experts have laid traps and checked nearby sewers.

Lindsey said the front door had been left open for half an hour earlier in the night of the attack to ventilate the house while ­engineer Michael cooked dinner.

But pest controllers were still unsure how the rat got in.

Lindsey added: “It’s not even the thought that it bit her, that’s bad enough, it’s just the thought that it was crawling on her.

“It’s got in once and I’m still afraid it can get in again.”

So why do these rodents enter our homes?

Rats/rodents enter our houses basically in the search for food as well as a warm place to live in. They roam around freely in homes in search for food and something to chew on to keep their incisors trimmed. One would wonder if they are conscious of their dental hygiene!

But the truth is rats have a pair of continuously growing incisors that need to be trimmed regularly. In order to do that rats chew on anything in their vicinity including cables, wires, plastics; literally anything they can lay their filthy paws on.

Rats not only invade your home and your privacy but they can also turn out to be life-threatening. There is no place on the earth that they can’t inhabit. You can’t escape them; you have to deal with them.

The right way of doing that is not by killing them as it offers a short-term solution to the problem. The right and only effective way of combating the rat menace is to find a way to keep them out of our homes and away from our loved ones.

We at C Tech Corporation understand this and after years of research have formulated a product that can address all our rat grievances. Rodrepel^TM can best be described as a  extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly anti-rodent additive. It is available in lacquer form that can be applied on wooden articles and household furniture to keep rodents at bay. Rodrepel^TM  works on a mechanism that can effectively repel rodents and keep them out of our houses for good.

For many numerous years, many attempts were made to keep away rats, mice away from homes storage bins & other areas. Most commonly traps & poison are used to kill this vermin. In addition, to create dead animal disposal problems, traps & poison also pose dangers to children & pets.

Rather than to try to kill the rats, better is to deter them in entering the area. It’s a belief that if a rat slayer neglects to sufficiently cover up his or her violent act with soil, members of the dead rat’s coven will seek revenge.

For over a year now, this small ragtag army of ravenous rodents possessing extra-strong teeth, crouch surreptitiously in the dark secret space between the ceiling and the roof during the daytime, as humans scurry beneath them, ignorant of the insidious plans fermenting in those small, yet sharp and focused animal brains.

Despite the animals’ obvious taunting of our human authority, however, none of us had even tried to eradicate these nasty nocturnal attackers.

Rodents cause damage to seating in rail coaches, air conditioners, food served in railways are mostly infected by rodent urine & feces, as rodents are always their prime visitors in the pantry section. They are a carrier of numerous dangerous diseases.

Armies of rodents have made railway stations across the state their home, posing a serious threat to the safe passage of trains and commuters, the problem is getting serious with rats digging deep burrows under the railway tracks, due to which tracks had become loose. This had disturbed the train services

Platforms had become a breeding ground for rats due to food items thrown on platforms. Besides, the grains from goods trains provide more food to them. Lakhs of huge rats infest trains and breed along platforms.

In railways, Rodrepel®™ can be used to paint the undercarriage, walls of the railway coaches and the galvanized surfaces of the pantry. It remains active as long as the paint last which is about 18 months. The window sides, bed linen storage area, seat corners, electric board, dustbin, lavatory were coated with the lacquer. The pantry and AC coaches were painted as well. Entire body panel was painted to make it completely rodent proof.

They can damage our home & furniture by gnawing on the wood. They can chew through the plaster walls & enlarge existing holes in the wood so they can easily have access to their food resources.  They can easily enter into our cars & can chew away the wirings, tore away seats covering, which can lead to costly repairs afterward. Lacquer based solution incorporated with Rodrepel®™ can be used to paint this cars & furnitures which will repel these rodents from entering & damaging the property.

Rodrepel®™ which is an innovative product of C Tech Corporation is useful to repel rodents in a non-hazardous way, not by killing them but by repelling & making use of the sensory mechanism. The product is made up from natural oils & and is free from toxic chemical and heavy metals.

Rodrepel®™ is available in form of masterbatch based on LDPE as well as EVA polymeric granules. Recommended addition level of these masterbatches is 1%-5%. It is effective over a very long span of time. (15-40 years)It does not interfere with the physical & mechanical properties of the polymer.

It is also available in lacquer and liquid form and can be easily coated onto an application to repel the rodents. The best part about this product is that it works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species. i.e. rodents, thus being in accordance with the need of the century, Sustainability and green chemistry.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

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Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots(including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. They are generally small animals, ranging in size from the African pygmy squirrel at 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) in length and just 10 g (0.35 oz) in weight, to the Alpine marmot which is 53–73 cm (21–29 in) long and weighs from 5 to 8 kg (11 to 18 lb). Squirrels live in almost every habitat from tropical rainforest to semiarid desert, avoiding only the high Polar Regions and the driest of the deserts. Squirrels cannot digest cellulose and have to rely on foods containing proteins and fats. As their large eyes indicate, squirrels generally have an excellent sense of vision, which is especially important for tree-dwelling species. They also have very versatile and sturdy claws for grasping and climbing. Many also have a good sense of touch, with vibrissae on their heads and limbs. The teeth of squirrels follow the typical rodent pattern, with large gnawing incisors that grow throughout life, and grinding cheek teeth set back behind a wide gap. In one year’s time, a squirrel’s incisors can grow up to six inches. Ground-dwelling species are generally social animals, often living in well-developed colonies. The living squirrels are divided into five subfamilies, with about 58 genera and some 285 species. The Indian palm squirrel is the most common type of squirrel found in India. Squirrels are generally inquisitive and persistent animals.

As mentioned earlier they have the characteristic trait of rodents that is they have ever-growing incisors which compel them to chew on anything. Optical fibers have revolutionized modern day communication including cable T.V and internet. These optical fiber cables can be damaged seriously by gnawing rodents. In August 2011, The Atlantic reported the spokesperson of Level 3 communication, a fiber network company with 84,000 miles of cable to having incurred losses to the level of 17% due to damage done by squirrels. These rodents chew on the fiber optic cables thus damaging them. Another cable company Time Warner Cables recently reported that they suffer heavy damage to fiber optic cables owing to squirrels as they chew through the lines. When this occurs the fiber optic cable’s protection is lost and they become susceptible to rain and other natural elements.”Squirrel chews” had compelled them to replace 87 miles of the cable during 2011 incurring losses in hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Squirrel’s knack of chewing into cables extends to coaxial cables too. There have been reports of sudden long cable outages owing to chewing by squirrels. Carra Higgins of The Inter-Mountain reported that there were sudden outages in the Rich Mountain area owing to squirrel gnawing in certain portions of the cable. The cable company spokesman was quoted as saying that squirrels climbed on telephone wires to access the cable lines. These coaxial cables were typically coated with aluminum which fell prey to the squirrels. These ubiquitous, furry buzz saws are most likely damaging aerial cable plant in worldwide settings, increasing maintenance expenses and reducing the productivity of technical operations groups. Service outages caused by squirrels can also adversely affect the image of service providers, possibly reducing revenue growth.

Various methods are being traditionally used to tackle this problem. One of the methods being used is the use of barriers which partially or completely surround the outside of the cable. Barriers outside the cable are typically designed to prevent a rodent’s jaws from opening wide enough for it to chew the barrier thus effectively protecting the cable inside. These barriers can be used in aerial applications. But they have a lot of constraints. The use of physical barriers increases the material cost as well as the cost of deploying the cables. The greater the size and weight of the cable the greater is the wind and ice loading. It is thus uneconomical to use them.

Another method being used to protect cables from squirrels is the use of Rodenticides which are by all means toxins. The use of these rodenticides is strongly discouraged due to their ramifications on the environment and the food chain. These rodenticides essentially contain toxic substances which have a high vapor pressure and they, therefore, enter the environment easily. Also as these rodenticides are designed to kill the toxins enter the food chain via any animal who feeds on the dead squirrel.

Better alternatives need to be found out to protect the cables from squirrels and other rodents alike. The salient features being not to kill but to generate a repellant response in the target species. Rodrepel fits the profile perfectly as it is non-toxic, non-hazardous, environmentally friendly rodent repellant.

We, at C Tech Corporation, have come up with the right solution for this. It is known as Rodrepel^TM. Rodrepel^TM is a niche product which is a rodent aversive. The difference between this product and other rodenticides is that it is an extremely low toxicity and extremely low hazard and eco-friendly. It works on the mechanism of repellence and does not kill the target species but only repels them.

Using this eco-friendly product will definitely help reduce the rodent menace.

The product is compliant with ROHS, ROHS2, ISO, REACH, APVMA, NEA, EU-BPR, and FIFRA exempted.

Contact us at technical.marketing@ctechcorporation.com if you’re facing problems with rodents and get best remedies to combat the pest menace.

Also, visit our websites:

http://www.ctechcorporation.com/
http://www.rodrepel.com/
http://www.termirepel.com/
http://www.combirepel.com/

Follow our Facebook pages at:

1] https://www.facebook.com/Combirepel-411710912249274/
2] https://www.facebook.com/Termirepel-104225413091251/
3] https://www.facebook.com/Rodrepel-120734974768048/

Follow us on our Twitter pages at:

1] https://twitter.com/rodrepel
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